Generally the term Screamo refers to a branch of hardcore popularised in the 1990's by bands such as City of Caterpillar, Envy,
Orchid,
Saetia et al. Often features dischordant riffs, high-pitched screams, some spoken-word vocals (Saetia were known to utilize this technique quite often), and quite often the recordings were very lo-fi, and grainy.
However the term has been heavily popularised by MTV as a reference to the pop-punk/emo bands of the new century (Finch,
Story of the Year etc).